Independent innovation research, development and transformation of precise bionic repair technology for oral prosthesis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

According to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey report (2018), billions of teeth are lost or missing in China, inducing chewing dysfunction, which is necessary to build physiological function using restorations. Digital technology improves the efficiency and accuracy of oral restoration, with the application of three-dimensional scans, computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), bionic material design and so on. However, the basic research and product development of digital technology in China lack international competitiveness, with related products basically relying on imports, including denture 3D design software, 3D oral printers, and digitally processed materials. To overcome these difficulties, from 2001, Yuchun Sun's team, from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, developed a series of studies in artificial intelligence design and precision bionics manufacturing of complex oral prostheses. The research included artificial intelligence design technology for complex oral prostheses, 3D printing systems for oral medicine, biomimetic laminated zirconia materials and innovative application of digital prosthetics in clinical practice. The research from 2001 to 2007 was completed under the guidance of Prof. Peijun Lv and Prof. Yong Wang. Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Science and Technology Support Program, National High-Tech R & D Program (863 Program) and Beijing Training Project for the Leading Talents in S & T, Yuchun Sun's team published over 200 papers in the relevant field, authorized 49 national invention patents and 1 U.S. invention patent and issued 2 national standards. It also developed 8 kinds of core technology products in digital oral prostheses and 3 kinds of clinical diagnosis and treatment programs, which significantly improved the design efficiency of complex oral prostheses, the fabrication accuracy of metal prostheses and the bionic performance of ceramic materials. Compared with similar international technologies, the program doubled the efficiency of bionic design and manufacturing accuracy and reduced the difficulty of diagnosis and cost of treatment and application by 50%, with the key indicators of those products reaching the international leading level. This program not only helped to realize precision, intelligence and efficiency during prostheses but also provided functional and aesthetic matches for patients after prostheses. The program was rewarded with the First Technical Innovation Prize of the Beijing Science and Technology Awards (2020), Gold Medal of Medical Research Group in the First Medical Science and Technology Innovation Competition of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (2020) and Best Creative Award in the First Translational Medical Innovation Competition of Capital (2017). This paper is a review of the current situation of artificial intelligence design and precision bionics manufacturing of complex oral prosthesis.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Qilang Prescription in Treatment of Drug-dependent Constipation with Qi and Yin Deficiency and Its Effect on MTL， VIP， 5-HT， and 5-HT4R in Peripheral Blood / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the curative efficacy of modified Qilang prescription on drug-dependent constipation with Qi and Yin deficiency and the effects on serum vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， motilin （MTL）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， and 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor （5-HT4R）. Method:A total of 160 patients diagnosed with drug-dependent constipation were randomly divided into a treatment group （<italic>n</italic>=80， Qilang prescription） and a control group （<italic>n</italic>=80， lactulose oral solution）. The treatment lasted for eight weeks. Changes in clinical symptoms， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome， and serum VIP， MTL， 5-HT， and 5-HT4R before and after treatment were observed. The clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared. An eight-week follow-up was carried out for the observation of recurrent rate and TCM syndrome. Result:The overall response rate of the treatment group （90.91%） was higher than that （75.00%） of the control group<italic> </italic>（<italic>Z</italic>=-6.514，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in serum VIP， MTL， 5-HT， and 5-HT4R between the two groups before treatment. After treatment for eight weeks， both groups showed reduced serum VIP level as compared with those before treatment， and the treatment group was inferior to the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The serum MTL levels of the two groups were both higher than those before treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the treatment group was superior to the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. After treatment， the level of 5-HT in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The post-treatment 5-HT4R level in the treatment group slightly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， but no significant difference in 5-HT4R levels between the two groups after treatment was observed. During the eight-week follow-up， the recurrence rate in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 2nd and 4th weeks （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the treatment group ［57.14% （40/70）］ and the control group ［64.81% （35/54）］ after eight weeks. Conclusion:Modified Qilang prescription was superior to lactulose in the short- and mid-term efficacy on drug-dependent constipation with Qi and Yin deficiency. No significant difference in the long-term efficacy was observed. The underlying therapeutic mechanism might be related to the regulation of serum VIP， MTL， 5-HT， and 5-HT4R levels.

Independent innovation research of functionally suitable denture digital system / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Fabrication of conventional complete dentures involves a complex restoration method, requiring significant time and typically involving primary impressions, definitive impressions, jaw relation records, clinic try-in, and complete denture placement, which has been used for nearly a century without change. A novel digital system named Functionally Suitable Denture (FSD) was researched and developed so as to reduce clinical steps, operation difficulties and errors of complete denture restoration. It pioneered a unique diagnostic complete denture aided by computer aided design (CAD) & 3D printing, by which, the functional impression, jaw relation, and try-in (3 steps) were simplified to 1 step, thus the number of visits to the dentist was reduced by 2 times. Moreover, for the first time, it put forward a CAD software of template matching based on the expert design, which was an efficient and intelligent design scheme, and the excellent denture experts' experience and skills could be inherited and iterated. The system included the 3D scanner with appropriate accuracy and high efficiency, the CAD software, the special 3D printer and process software, and the innovative clinical operation process. The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent international search report showed that all the 15 claims of the technology were of novelty, creativity and industrial utility. All the digital products were independently developed and made by Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China. The design and manufacture process of denture prosthesis was fast, simple and accurate. At the same time, personalized functional and aesthetic matching of the patients after wearing prosthesis was realized. It effectively solved the global problems of "slow, difficult and inaccurate" of the traditional manual technology of complete denture, and brought good news to edentulous patients. Compared with the traditional complete denture treatment, FSD system has a wide range of applications for different types of edentulous patients, including those with severe resorption of the alveolar ridge or a high occlusal force. Furthermore, the low-cost of 3D printers, compared with expensive milling machines, may make the approach more accessible. This review describes that our research is related to the development of the FSD system, including multi-source data acquisition technology, three generations of complete denture design software, 3D printing systems of individual tray and complete denture pattern, the clinical and laboratory operation process of the FSD system.

Accuracy of three intraoral scans for primary impressions of edentulous jaws / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To provide a reference for using intraoral scanners for making clinical diagnostic dentures of edentulous jaws by comparing the accuracy of three intraoral scanners for primary impression and jaw relation record of edentulous jaws.@*METHODS@#This study contained 6 primary impressions of the edentulous patients. Each of the impressions consisted of the maxillary primary impression, the mandibular primary impression and the jaw relation record. For each of them, a dental cast scanner (Dentscan Y500) was used to obtain stereolithography (STL) data as reference scan, and then three intraoral scanners including i500, Trios 3 and CEREC Primescan were used for three times to obtain STL data as experiment groups. In Geomagic Studio 2013 software, trueness was obtained by comparing experiment groups with the reference scan, and the precision was obtained from intragroup comparisons. Registered maxillary data of the intraoral scan with reference scan, the morphological error of jaw relation record was obtained by comparing jaw relation record of the intraoral scan with the reference scan. Registered mandibular data with jaw relation record of intraoral scan and the displacement of the jaw position were evaluated. Independent samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test in the SPSS 20.0 statistical software were used to statistically analyze the trueness, precision and morphological error of jaw relation record of three intraoral scanners. The Bland-Altman diagram was used to evaluate the consistency of the jaw relationship measured by the three intraoral scanners.@*RESULTS@#The trueness of i500, Trios 3 and CEREC Primescan scanners was (182.34±101.21) μm, (145.21±71.73) μm, and (78.34±34.79) μm for maxilla; (106.42±21.63) μm, and 95.08 (63.08) μm, (78.45±42.77) μm for mandible. There was no significant difference in trueness of the three scanners when scanning the maxilla and mandible(P>0.05). The precision of the three scanners was 147.65 (156.30) μm, (147.54±83.33) μm, and 40.30 (32.80) μm for maxilla; (90.96±30.77) μm, (53.73±23.56) μm, and 37.60 (93.93) μm for mandible. The precision of CEREC Primescan scanner was significantly better than that of the other two scanners for maxilla (P<0.05). Trios 3 and CEREC Primescan scanners were significantly better than i500 scanner for mandible (P<0.05). The precision of the i500 and Trios 3 scanners for mandible was superior to maxilla (P<0.05). The upper limit of 95% confidence intervals of trueness and precision of three scanners for both maxilla and mandible were within ±300 μm which was clinically accepted. The morphological error of jaw relation record of the three scanners was (337.68±128.54) μm, (342.89±195.41) μm, and (168.62±88.35) μm. The 95% confidence intervals of i500 and Trios 3 scanners were over 300 μm. CEREC Primescan scanner was significantly superior to i500 scanner(P<0.05).The displacement of the jaw position of the three scanners was (0.83±0.56) mm, (0.80±0.45) mm, and (0.91±0.75) mm for vertical dimension; (0.79±0.58) mm, (0.62±0.18) mm, and (0.53±0.53) mm for anterior and posterior directions; (0.95±0.59) mm, (0.69±0.45) mm, and (0.60±0.22) mm for left and right directions. The displacement of the jaw position of the three scanners in vertical dimension, anterior and posterior directions and the left and right directions were within the 95% consistency limit.@*CONCLUSION@#Three intraoral scanners showed good trueness and precision. The i500 and Trios 3 scanners had more errors in jaw relation record, but they were used as primary jaw relation record. It is suggested that three intraoral scanners can be used for obtaining digital data to make diagnostic dentures and individual trays, reducing possible deforming or crack when sending impressions from clinic to laboratory.

Visual sensitivity threshold of lateral view of nasolabial Angle changes in edentulous jaw patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the visual sensitivity threshold of physician's naked eye to the difference of nasolabial angle in edentulous jaw patients, and to provide a reference value for the study of aesthetic evaluation of soft tissue profile for the difference of nasolabial angle that can be recognized by human eyes.@*METHODS@#Three-dimensional facial images of three edentulous patients with different diagnostic dentures introoral were obtained. Lateral screenshots of each patient's three-dimensional facial image with the same scale were obtained by using reverse engineering software (Geomagic studio 2014).The screenshot of the patient's three-dimensional facial image with suitable lip support (The suitable lip support was confirmed by both patients and prosthodontists who had clinical experience for more than 20 years) was taken as the reference picture, and the remaining pictures were grouped with it respectively. All the pictures were observed in random order by the subjects. Fifteen dentists were asked to judge the difference of nasolabial angle between the two pictures of each group on the computer screen. The difference of nasolabial angle between the two pictures in each group was measured and calculated. The ROC curve was drawn, and the best cut-off value was calculated as the visual sensitivity threshold.@*RESULTS@#The data of the 15 subjects were used to draw ROC curves separately. The maximum and minimum best cut-off values were 5.55 degrees and 3.12 degrees respectively. The ROC curve of the whole 15 subjects was drawn after data aggregation, and the best cut-off value was 5.36 degrees (AUC=0.84>0.5, P=0.000<0.05). When the difference of nasolabial angle was above 5.36 degrees, the subjects could recognize it effectively.@*CONCLUSION@#There is a visual limit in the observation of the nasolabial angle with the naked eye. In this study, a visual sensitivity threshold of 5.36 degrees for the difference of the nasolabial angle was obtained. The difference of nasolabial angle below this value can be regarded as no clinical significance. This result provides a reference value for human eyes to recognize the difference of nasolabial angle in soft tissue profile aesthetic evaluation. It can be applied to the aesthetic evaluation of soft tissue profile and can be used as the error level of related research with nasolabial angle as an index for accuracy evaluation.

Distribution of Microbiota in Fine Particulate Matter Particles in Guangzhou, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#High PM concentration is the main feature of increasing haze in developing states, but information on its microbial composition remains very limited. This study aimed to determine the composition of microbiota in PM in Guangzhou, a city located in the tropics in China.@*Methods@#In Guangzhou, from March 5 to 10 , 2016, PM was collected in middle volume air samplers for 23 h daily. The 16S rDNA V4 region of the PM sample extracted DNA was investigated using high-throughput sequence.@*Results@#Among the Guangzhou samples, , , , , and were the dominant microbiota accounting for more than 90% of the total microbiota, and was the dominant gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 21.30%-23.57%. We examined the difference in bacterial distribution of PM between Beijing and Guangzhou at the genus level; was found in both studies, but was only detected in Guangzhou.@*Conclusion@#In conclusion, the diversity and specificity of microbial components in Guangzhou PM were studied, which may provide a basis for future pathogenicity research in the tropics.

miR-140-3p Knockdown Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Fibrogenesis in Hepatic Stellate Cells via PTEN-Mediated AKT/mTOR Signaling

PURPOSE: Liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and the outcome of various chronic liver diseases. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the key event in liver fibrosis. Studies have confirmed that miR-140-3p plays a potential regulatory effect on HSC activation. However, whether miR-140-3p mediates the liver fibrosis remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of miR-140-3p was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT, while cell apoptosis rate was determined via flow cytometry. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of cleaved PARP. The fibrogenic effect was evaluated by expression of α-smooth muscle actin and desmin. Functional experiments were performed in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced HSC-T6 cells with transfection of anti-miR-140-3p and/or siPTEN. Target binding between miR-140-3p and PTEN was predicted by the TargetScan database and identified using luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: TGF-β1 induced the activation of HSC-T6 cells, and miR-140-3p expression varied according to HSC-T6 cell activation status. Knockdown of miR-140-3p reduced cell proliferation and the expressions of α-SMA and desmin, as well as increased apoptosis, in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells, which could be blocked by PTEN silencing. Additionally, inactivation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway stimulated by miR-140-3p knockdown was abolished when silencing PTEN expression. PTEN was negatively regulated by miR-140-3p via direct binding in HSC-T6 cells. CONCLUSION: miR-140-3p is an important mediator in HSC-T6 cell activation, and miR-140-3p knockdown suppresses cell proliferation and fibrogenesis in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells, indicating that miR-140-3p may be a potential novel molecular target for liver fibrosis.

Current status and prospects of the survey of cardiac arrest and resuscitation / 中国实用内科杂志

Cardiac arrest(CA)is a common serious clinical event. The high incidence and low survival rate make it one of the important public health problems in China. We urgently need to investigate the incidence, mortality and risk factors of cardiac arrest in Chinese population. Based on epidemiological data on cardiac arrest in China, early identification of cardiac arrest and early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation can significantly improve outcomes of patients with in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The article summarizes the definition of cardiac arrest, the epidemiology, domestic and international gap and prospects of cardiac arrest in and out of hospital.

Preparation of freeze-drying control materials of IgG antibody against Schistosoma japonicum for immunodetection kits / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To prepare freeze-drying control materials of IgG antibody against Schistosoma japonicum for detec-tion kits. Methods The serum samples of schistosomiasis patients from endemic areas and normal people without history of schistosome infection or contact with infested water in Hubei Province were collected.All the sera were detected by the method approved by China Food and Drug Administration and selected for preparation of quality control samples. Results Totally twelve positive quality control materials,ten negative quality control materials,and one sensitive and one precision quality con-trol materials were screened.According to the positive serum level,the positive degrees of quality control materials were divided into strong,medium and weak levels.The stability could be valid for one year.Conclusions The freeze-drying quality control materials of IgG antibody against S.japonicum for detection kits are prepared.They are easy to use and have good stability,and therefore,they may meet the requirement of quality control for the detection of schistosomiasis diagnostics kits.

Simultaneous determination of ten major compounds including iridoid glycosides and phenolic acids in Pterocephalus hookeri by UPLC-PDA / 中国中药杂志

This study is to develop an UPLC-PDA method for determination of 10 major components in Pterocephalus. The UPLC-PDA assay was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLCR BEH C₁₈（2.1 mm ×100 mm,1.7 μm）, and the column temperature was at 30 ℃. The mobile phase consists of water containing 0.2% phosphoric acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL•min⁻¹. The detection wave length was set at 237 and 325 nm, and the injection volume was 1 μL in the UPLC system. The linear range of 10 detected compounds were good (r≥0.999 7), and the overall recoveries ranged from 96.30% to 103.0%, with the RSD ranging from 0.72% to 2.9%. The method was simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of the content of ten major components in P. hookeri.

Action mechanism of total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides in treatment of myocardial ischemia based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

In this study, a network pharmacological screening method was adopted to further study the active ingredients and action mechanism of total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides(TFH) for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Firstly TCMSP database and PubChem database were searched, and then the data were combined with oral bioavailability and drug analysis to screen flavonoids of H.rhamnoides compounds. Then predictive analysis was conducted for the 7 screened compounds by ChemMapper server.The obtained potential targets were imported into MAS 3.0. Database, and KEGG database was also used for targets analysis and pathway analysis. Finally Cystoscope 3.3.0 software was used to draw "compounds-targets-pathway" network diagram. Virtual experiments predicted 68 potential targets and 60 signaling pathways, and 31 targets and 23 pathways of them were directly or indirectly associated with myocardial ischemia. The results showed that TFH played a synergistic rolemainly through the regulation of calcium signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and gap junction signaling pathway, which was consistent with literature reports. These results indicated that it can enhance heart function, protect vascular endothelial cells, and fight against myocardial ischemia probably by regulating platelet aggregation, lipid metabolism, inflammation and other processes.

Comprehensive regulation of traditional Chinese medicine on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Since the diccovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nerous system, it provided novel ideas forneurogenesis as the potential of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. One of the ways to promote the clinical application of neural stem cells (NSCs) is searching effective methods which regulate the proliferation and differentiation.This is also a problem urgently to be solved in medical field. Plenty of earlier studies have shown that traditional chinese medicine can promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by regulating the related signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. The reports of Chinese and foreign literatures on regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in recent ten years and their target and signaling pathways is analyzed in this review.The traditional chinese medicine regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by the signaling pathways of Notch,PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β- catenin, and GFs. And, those signaling pathways have cross- talk in the regulation progress. Moreover, some traditional Chinese medicine, such as astragalus,has a variety of active ingredients to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through different signaling pathways. However, to accelerate the clinical application of neural stem cells, the studies aboutthe proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and Chinese medicine should be further deepened, the mechanism of multiple targets and the comprehensive regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine should be clarified.

Expressions of survivin, PI3K and AKT in keratinocytes in skin lesions and their pathogenic role in psoriasis vulgaris / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of survivin and PI3K/AKT pathway in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris (PV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plaque-like lesions collected from 22 patients with PV in progressive stage and 18 normal control skin specimens were examined using immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR for expressions of survivin, PI3K and AKT in the keratinocytes, and their correlation was analyzed. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down AKT in cultured HaCaT cells, and Western blotting was used to detect the changes in the expression of survivin. RESULTS Compared with normal skin, PV lesions showed obviously up-regulated expressions of survivin, PI3K and AKT in the keratinocytes. Survivin expression was positively correlated with PI3K (r=0.4510, P=0.0351) and AKT (r=0.4423, P=0.0393) in the keratinocytes in PV lesions. In cultured HaCaT cells, siRNA-mediated knockdown of AKT caused down-regulation of survivin expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Survivin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may participate in the occurrence and progression of PV.</p>

Analysis on Nutritional Risk Screening and Influencing Factors of Hospitalized Patients in Central Urban Area / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Rational nutritional support shall be based on nutritional screening and nutritional assessment.This study is aimed to explore nutritional risk screening and its influencing factors of hospitalized patients in central urban area.It is helpful for the early detection of problems in nutritional supports,nutrition management and the implementation of intervention measures,which will contribute a lot to improving the patient's poor clinical outcome.A total of three tertiary medical institutions were enrolled in this study.From October 2015 to June 2016,1202 hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled in Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) for nutritional risk screening,including 8 cases who refused to participate,5 cases of same-day surgery and 5 cases of coma.A single-factor chi-square test was performed on 312 patients with nutritional risk and 872 hospitalized patients without nutritional risk.Logistic regression analysis was performed with univariate analysis (P＜0.05),to investigate the incidence of nutritional risk and influencing factors.The incidence of nutritional risk was 26.35％ in the inpatients,25.90％ in male and 26.84％ in female,respectively.The single-factor analysis showed that the age ≥60,sleeping disorder,fasting,intraoperative bleeding,the surgery in recent month,digestive diseases,metabolic diseases and endocrine system diseases had significant effects on nutritional risk (P＜0.05).Having considered the above-mentioned factors as independent variables and nutritional risk (Y=1,N=0)as dependent variable,logistic regression analysis revealed that the age ≥60,fasting,sleeping disorders,the surgery in recent month and digestive diseases are hazardous factors for nutritional risk.Nutritional risk exists in hospitalized patients in central urban areas.Nutritional risk screening should be conducted for inpatients.Nutritional intervention programs should be formulated in consideration of those influencing factors,which enable to reduce the nutritional risk and to promote the rehabilitation of inpatients.

Animal drugs quality status and reason analysis / 中国中药杂志

In order to reaction the quality present situation, problems on the current quality of animal sources of drugs are summed up by using test data analysis, literature search and marketing research. This paper can also help the improvement of the quality management, the revision of the relevant department policy system and the improvement of standards.

Effects of nuclear factor of kappa B decoy oligodeoxynucleotides on murine with multiple myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was to evaluate the effects of nuclear factor of kappa B decoy oligodeoxynucleotides on murine multiple myeloma models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The severe combined immunodeficient mice were injected subcutaneously with RPMI-8226 myeloma cells. When tumors became measurable, the mice were divided into 2 treatment groups who respectively received 5 µg/g or 10 µg/g liposome-NF-κB decoy ODN compounds, and one control group was selected; the control group received 10 µg/g liposome-NF-κB mutant decoy ODN compounds, twice per week for 4 weeks. The mice were killed when they died or the tumor diameter became >2 cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The liposome-NF-κB decoy ODN could efficiently suppress NF-κB DNA binding activity and inhibited the expression of IL-6. As compared with the control group, the two liposome-NF-κB decoy ODN-treated groups showed more remarkably survival time and smaller tumor volume.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In vivo transfection of NF-κB decoy ODN may provide a new therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma.</p>

A new diagnostic algorithm for vascular cognitive impairment: the proposed criteria and evaluation of its reliability and validity / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is considered to be the most common pattern of cognitive impairment. We aimed to devise a diagnostic algorithm for VCI, and evaluate the reliability and validity of our proposed criteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We based our new algorithm on previous literature, a Delphi consensus method, and preliminary testing. First, successive 100 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in hospital underwent a structured medical examination. Twenty-five case vignettes fulfilled the proposed criteria of diagnosis for probable or possible VCI were divided into three subtype categories: vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCIND), vascular dementia (VaD) or mixed VCI/Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inter-raters reliability was assessed using a Fleiss kappa analysis. Convergent validity was also evaluated by correlation coefficients (r) between the proposed key points for each subtype and the currently accepted criteria. Forty-five patients with probable VCI were examined to determine the accuracy of identification for each subtype.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proposed criteria showed clinical diagnostic validity for VCI, and were able to define probable, possible and definite VCI, three VCI subtypes, and vascular causes. There was good consensus between experts (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96 for both rounds). Significant moderate to good items-total correlations were found for two questionnaires (50-r range, 0.40 - 0.97 and 0.41 - 0.99, respectively). Significant slight and moderate inter-raters reliability were obtained for VCI (k = 0.13) and three VCI subtypes (k = 0.45). Furthermore, good convergent validity was observed in a comparison of significant correlations between criteria: good (4-r range, 0.75 - 0.92) to perfect (3-r = 1.00) validity for the VCIND subtype, and moderate to good validity for the VaD subtype (1-r = 0.46; 5-r range, 0.76 - 0.92) and for the mixed VCI/AD subtype (r = 0.92 and 1.00; 4-r range, 0.47 - 0.70). Importantly, the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the subtypes of VCIND, VaD and mixed VCI/AD were 0.85, 0.67 and 0.93, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggest that the new VCI diagnostic algorithm might be a suitable clinical approach for assessing stroke patients.</p>

Effects of electroacupuncture anesthesia of different frequencies on stress reaction in thyroid surgery / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the optimal frequency of electroacupuncture for the access to the best anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of optional thyroid surgery were randomly divided into group A, group B and group C, 20 cases in each group. In group A, 2 Hz/100 Hz disperse-dense wave was selected in stimulation. In group B, 2 Hz/15 Hz disperse-dense wave was selected. Group C was the control group without electric stimulation applied. Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) were stimulated bilaterally. Cervical plexus block was produced after 15 min acupuncture. The concentration changes in plasma cortisone (COR) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) were compared among 4 time-points, named before anesthesia (T1), before skin incision after induction (T2), thyroid traction in surgery (T3) and the end of surgery (T4).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Group B achieved the highest significant rate of analgesia (50.0%, 10/20) and that in group C was the lowest (10.0%, 2/20). COR content was the highest at T2 in group A and that was the lowest at T3 in group B. At the end of surgery, COR content was up the maximum in 3 groups, but still COR content was the lowest in group B in comparison. The plasma beta-EP content decreased apparently at T3 and T4 in group B as compared with the value before (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In electroacupuncture-assisted anesthesia, 2 Hz/15 Hz disperse-dense wave achieves the optimal anesthesia compared with 2 Hz/100 Hz disperse-dense wave, and moreover inhibits stress reaction induced by anesthesia surgery.</p>

Influence of cryoprotectant with glycerol and freezing-thawing procedure on the motility of human sperm / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of cryoprotectant with glycerol and the freezing-thawing procedure on the motility of</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The motion characteristics of human sperm from 18 selected specimens were assessed by computer-assisted human sperm. sperm analysis before and after adding hyper-osmolarity cryoprotectant with glycerol and the freeze-thaw procedure, and the data were evaluated in pairs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The adding of cryoprotectant caused an increase in the proportion of rapid linear motile sperms (P < 0.05) and sperm velocities, including VCL, VSL and VAP (P < 0.005). But no changes were observed in the proportion of progressively motile sperms and sperm motility. Compared with the data from pre-frozen samples, velocities of post-thawed sperms and the percentage of motile sperms in each grade significantly declined (P < or = 0.01), so did ALH, while WOB, LIN and STR remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Significant differences in ALH, WOB, LIN and STR were observed only in comparison between the post-thawed and pre-treated samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The number of Grade a sperms and sperm velocity increased after adding hyper-osmolarity cryoprotectant with glycerol. The sperm motile potential was impaired and even entirely destroyed in some cases by cryodamage. The influences on the sperm motion were differently induced in freezing-thawing procedures.</p>